Subjects/Foundational Numeracy/Addition or Subtraction?
Foundational NumeracyWord Problems — Mixed Operations

Addition or Subtraction?

Practise deciding between addition and subtraction.

12 min

🎯 What You'll Learn

You will get better at deciding whether a problem needs addition or subtraction.

🏪 Market Story

Tunde and Emeka are shopping together. They face different situations: sometimes they need to add prices together, sometimes they need to figure out change. Let's help them decide!

📝 Let's Learn

Add when: You're putting groups together, finding a total, or things are increasing.

Subtract when: You're taking away, finding what's left, finding change, or comparing two amounts.

Problem 1: "Tunde has ₦45 and earns ₦30 more." Things are increasing → Add: ₦45 + ₦30 = ₦75.

Problem 2: "Emeka has ₦80 and spends ₦35 on food." Things are decreasing → Subtract: ₦80 − ₦35 = ₦45.

Problem 3: "Amina scored 72 in English and 85 in Maths. How much more did she score in Maths?" Comparing → Subtract: 85 − 72 = 13 more marks.

Problem 4: "Bola has 23 red beads and 37 blue beads. How many beads in total?" Combining → Add: 23 + 37 = 60 beads.

✏️ Practice Questions

  1. Chidi has ₦120. He gets ₦65 from his father. How much does he have now? (Add or subtract?)
  2. A market trader has 80 oranges. She sells 45. How many are left? (Add or subtract?)
  3. Funke's class has 28 girls and 24 boys. How many students are there in all? (Add or subtract?)
Click to see answers
  1. Add. ₦120 + ₦65 = ₦185.
  2. Subtract. 80 − 45 = 35 oranges left.
  3. Add. 28 + 24 = 52 students.

💡 Remember

If amounts are coming together, add. If amounts are being taken away or you're finding a difference, subtract. Ask yourself: "Is the answer going to be bigger or smaller than what I started with?"